Stop #4:Pillow Basalt
Location: MiddleFork Of TheSmith, 11.4 Miles UpHighway 199 FromStop#3

Drive approximately 11.4 miles north to the turnout on the right side of the road. This location is about 1.2 miles past Patrick's Creek Lodge (both are north of the town of Gasquet). Past Gasquet, you will drive through the core of an anticlinal fold; this takes you back into peridotite (see GeoMap). Past Patrick's Creek Lodge, you begin to enter the section of pillow basalt. There is a pull-out just a few yard past where the road narrows. Park here and walk down to the river.

The sheeted dikes bring magma upward to the surface where it erupts on the ocean floor to form pillow basalts. The rapid cooling in marine waters produces the bulbous pillow shapes. In addition, the transition from pillow basalt to overlying marine sediments also can be observed at stop #4. Bedded chert and argillite (mudstone) are interpreted as deep-water marine sedimentary deposits that formed on top of the pillow basalt. 

As you walk down to the river from the turnout, you will first see graywacke, pebble conglomerate, and slates. Down river are chert, siliceous argillite (black shale), and rare nodules of limestone in the sediment. Farther down river is the contact between these sediments of the Galice Formation and the underlying pillow basalts. The depositional contact is clearly exposed between the uppermost pillow lavas of the ophiolite and the basal sediments. More pillow basalt and pillow breccia are exposed down stream
Examples of chert, argillite, and interbedded sandstone layers (located farther up section) are present at this location. Bedded chert and argillite (mudstone) are interpreted as deep-water marine sedimentary deposits that formed on top of the pillow basalt. Fossils from limestone nodules in the argillite have been used to provide a minimum age of the ophiolite (Late Jurassic; Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian). 
The sheeted dikes bring magma upward to the surface where it erupts on the ocean floor to form pillow basalts. The rapid cooling in marine waters produces the bulbous pillow shapes. This process produces deposits of pillows, pillow flows, and pillow breccia above the sheeted dikes.


  • Return to Stop #3
  • Geologic Map of the Area
  • An Introduction To Ophiolites
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