Stop #4:Pillow
Basalt
Location: MiddleFork
Of TheSmith, 11.4
Miles UpHighway 199 FromStop#3
Drive approximately 11.4 miles north to the turnout on the right
side of the road. This location is about 1.2 miles past Patrick's Creek
Lodge (both are north of the town of Gasquet). Past Gasquet, you will drive
through the core of an anticlinal fold; this takes you back into peridotite
(see
GeoMap). Past Patrick's Creek Lodge, you begin to enter the section
of pillow basalt. There is a pull-out just a few yard past where the road
narrows. Park here and walk down to the river.
 |
The sheeted dikes bring magma upward to the
surface where it erupts on the ocean floor to form pillow basalts. The
rapid cooling in marine waters produces the bulbous pillow shapes. In addition,
the transition from pillow basalt to overlying marine sediments also can
be observed at stop #4. Bedded chert and argillite (mudstone) are interpreted
as deep-water marine sedimentary deposits that formed on top of the pillow
basalt. |
As you walk down to the river from the turnout, you will first see graywacke,
pebble conglomerate, and slates. Down river are chert, siliceous argillite
(black shale), and rare nodules of limestone in the sediment. Farther down
river is the contact between these sediments of the Galice Formation and
the underlying pillow basalts. The depositional contact is clearly exposed
between the uppermost pillow lavas of the ophiolite and the basal sediments.
More pillow basalt and pillow breccia are exposed down stream
 |
Examples of chert, argillite, and interbedded
sandstone layers (located farther up section) are present at this location.
Bedded chert and argillite (mudstone) are interpreted as deep-water marine
sedimentary deposits that formed on top of the pillow basalt. Fossils from
limestone nodules in the argillite have been used to provide a minimum
age of the ophiolite (Late Jurassic; Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian). |
 |
The sheeted dikes bring magma upward to the
surface where it erupts on the ocean floor to form pillow basalts. The
rapid cooling in marine waters produces the bulbous pillow shapes. This
process produces deposits of pillows, pillow flows, and pillow breccia
above the sheeted dikes. |
Return to Stop #3
Geologic Map of
the Area
An Introduction
To Ophiolites
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